The U.S. green card, also known as lawful permanent residency, provides foreign nationals with the right to live and work in the United States indefinitely, while offering a pathway to eventual U.S. citizenship.
There are multiple routes to permanent residency depending on one’s background and circumstances.
Family-based green cards, including through marriage to a U.S. citizen or via the K-1 fiancé(e) visa process, remain among the most common options. Employment-based categories provide additional opportunities, such as the EB-1 extraordinary ability visa, the EB-2 visa for individuals with advanced degrees or exceptional ability (including the National Interest Waiver), the EB-3 visa for skilled and unskilled workers, and the EB-5 immigrant investor visa for those making qualifying investments. Each of these categories has distinct eligibility criteria, evidentiary requirements, and processing considerations, but all can provide a pathway toward permanent residency and, eventually, naturalization as a U.S. citizen.
To explore which green card category best fits your circumstances, click the links below to learn more about each pathway in detail.
Family-Based Green Card Sponsorship
The family-based green card sponsorship process allows U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents to reunite with their close relatives by sponsoring them for permanent residency. Eligible categories include immediate relatives such as spouses, unmarried children under 21, and parents of U.S. citizens, as well as preference-based categories for other family members like adult children and siblings. This pathway provides qualifying relatives with a route to live and work permanently in the United States.
K-1 Fiancé(e) Visa
The K-1 Fiancé(e) Visa allows a U.S. citizen to bring their foreign national fiancé(e) to the United States for the purpose of marriage. Once issued, the visa permits entry to the United States for a 90-day period, during which the couple must legally marry. After marriage, the foreign spouse must apply for adjustment of status to obtain lawful permanent residency. Unlike other family-based visas, the K-1 is specifically designed for couples who are not yet married but intend to marry in the U.S., making it a practical option for couples who wish to begin their lives together stateside.
EB-1 Extraordinary Ability Visa
The EB-1 immigrant visa offers a direct path to U.S. Permanent Residency for exceptionally qualified foreign nationals, without requiring labor certification. This category is divided into three subgroups: EB-1A for individuals of extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics; EB-1B for outstanding professors and researchers recognized internationally for their academic contributions; and EB-1C for multinational managers and executives transferring to the United States. The EB-1 visa is highly sought after for its relatively faster processing and the ability to bypass the lengthy PERM process.
EB-5 Immigrant Investor Visa
The EB-5 Immigrant Investor Visa, also known as the EB-5 green card, provides a direct path to U.S. permanent residency. Through this program, qualified investors and their families may live, work, and study anywhere in the United States.
Permanent residency is granted on the basis of a qualifying investment and the resulting job creation in the U.S. economy. Investors must contribute a minimum of $1,050,000 USD, or $800,000 USD if the enterprise is located in a designated Targeted Employment Area (TEA). Unlike other immigration categories, there are no education, language, or employer sponsorship requirements, making the EB-5 program an attractive option for individuals with the necessary financial resources.
In addition to the principal investor, a spouse and unmarried children under 21 may also obtain green cards under the same investment, with no need for additional contributions.
EB-2 Advanced Degree, Exceptional Ability & NIW Visa
The EB-2 immigrant visa category provides a pathway to U.S. permanent residency for professionals holding advanced degrees, individuals with exceptional ability in the sciences, arts, or business, and those whose work is considered to be in the national interest of the United States. Applicants may pursue the traditional employer-sponsored EB-2 route, which requires a permanent job offer and labor certification, or the National Interest Waiver (NIW) route, which allows for self-sponsorship when applicants can demonstrate that their work substantially benefits the nation. This versatile visa option is well-suited for highly skilled professionals, researchers, entrepreneurs, and innovators whose expertise aligns with U.S. needs.
EB-3 Skilled or Unskilled Worker Visa
The EB-3 visa category provides a pathway to U.S. permanent residency for foreign nationals who have a permanent, full-time job offer from a qualified U.S. employer. It includes three subcategories—skilled workers, professionals, and unskilled workers—and requires an approved labor certification from the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). The EB-3 is designed for individuals whose expertise, education, or training makes them valuable additions to the American workforce.
The Barella Global Advantage
Barella Global offers clients a unique blend of U.S. immigration law expertise and international accessibility. With offices in London and Brussels, we work in our clients’ time zones, making communication seamless and efficient. Our team has extensive experience representing clients before U.S. embassies and consulates across the UK and Europe, giving us valuable insight into local procedures and expectations. Whether you are pursuing a family-based case, addressing admissibility issues, or seeking a corporate or investor visa, we provide strategic, results-focused guidance tailored to your goals.